Abstract

Oral drug delivery has been known for decades as the most widely utilized route of administered among all the routes that have been employed for the systemic delivery of drug via various pharmaceutical products of different dosage forms. The reasons that the oral route achieved such popularity may be in part attributed to its ease of administration. Oral sustained drug delivery system is complicated by limited gastric residence times (GRTs). Rapid GI transit can prevent complete drug release in the absorption zone and reduce the efficacy of the administered dose. Effervescent tablets are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of sectors including supplements and pharmaceutical use due to the ease in which they can be consumed. Effervescent tablets are designed to break in contact with liquid such as water or juice, often causing the tablet to dissolve into a solution. These buoyant delivery systems utilize matrices prepared with swell able polymers such as Methocel or poly saccharides, e.g., chitosan, and effervescent components, e.g., sodium bicarbonate and citric or tartaric acid or matrices containing chambers of liquid that gasify at body temperature. Flotation of a drug delivery system in the stomach can be achieved by incorporating a floating chamber filled with vacuum, air or an inert gas. Gas can be introduced into the floating chamber by the volatilization of an organic solvent (e.g. Ether or cyclopentane) or by the CO2 produced as a result of an effervescent reaction between organic acids and carbonate–bicarbonate salts. The matrices are fabricated so that upon arrival in the stomach, carbon dioxide is liberated by the acidity of the gastric contents and is entrapped in the jellified hydrocolloid. This produces an upward motion of the dosage form and maintains its buoyancy. A decrease in specific gravity causes the dosage form to float on the chyme. Recently a multiple-unit type of floating pill, which generates carbon dioxide gas, has been developed. The system consisted of sustained- release pills as seeds surrounded by double layers. The inner layer was an effervescent layer containing both sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid. The outer layer was a swellable membrane layer containing mainly polyvinyl acetate and purified shellac. Moreover, the effervescent layer was divided into two sub layers to avoid direct contact between sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid. Sodium bicarbonate was contained in the inner sublayer and tartaric acid was in the outer layer. When the system was immersed in a buffer solution at 37°C, it sank at once in the solution and formed swollen pills, like balloons, with a density much lower than 1 g/ ml. The reaction was due to carbon dioxide generated Patel et al by neutralization in the inner effervescent layers with the diffusion of water through the outer swellable membrane layers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Keywords

Tablet

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

Workplace safety has emerged as a critical dimension of organizational performance, directly influencing employee morale, productivity, legal compliance, and overall sustainability. In modern industrial and service environments, where operational complexity and risk exposure are constantly increasing, the importance of integrating safety, training, and Total Quality Management (TQM) into a cohesive framework cannot be overstated. This study delves into the strategic significance of safety management systems, employee training, and TQM principles in cultivating safer work environments and enhancing organizational resilience. Rather than treating safety as a standalone regulatory requirement, this research positions it as a central component of holistic quality and human resource management. By drawing on both theoretical insights and empirical evidence, the study reveals the multifaceted relationships between preventive safety practices, employee preparedness, quality systems, and long-term organizational outcomes. The motivation for this study stems from the realization that despite advancements in technology, automation, and regulatory enforcement, workplace accidents, occupational illnesses, and process failures remain prevalent across many industries. A common thread identified in post-incident analyses is the absence of an integrated safety culture, where employee training is inconsistent, communication is fragmented, and quality assurance mechanisms operate in isolation from safety protocols. This research argues that such disconnects weaken an organization’s ability to anticipate, mitigate, and respond to safety-related risks. By contrast, organizations that embed safety within their broader strategic and operational frameworks—especially through robust training programs and TQM-based approaches—tend to demonstrate superior performance in both safety outcomes and overall organizational effectiveness. Total Quality Management, traditionally associated with customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, and defect reduction, offers valuable insights when applied to workplace safety. TQM principles such as process standardization, data-driven decision-making, and employee empowerment naturally align with proactive safety management. When organizations adopt TQM methodologies in safety planning, they shift from a reactive posture to a preventive and systemic orientation. This transformation is evident in the way risks are assessed, mitigated, and continuously monitored. For example, using statistical process control to track safety incidents, root cause analysis to investigate accidents, and employee feedback mechanisms to identify potential hazards reflects how TQM tools can be reoriented to strengthen occupational health and safety systems. Moreover, the emphasis on leadership commitment in TQM is directly transferable to safety culture development. Leaders who prioritize safety as a strategic imperative and model safe behavior inspire employees to internalize safety values, thereby creating a culture of accountability and shared responsibility. Training plays an equally vital role in this integrated framework. The study emphasizes that safety training must extend beyond procedural instruction or regulatory compliance. Effective training is continuous, role-specific, and grounded in the operational realities of the workplace. It must evolve in tandem with changes in technology, workflows, and risk profiles. The findings suggest that safety training, when embedded in an organization’s culture and reinforced through daily practices, significantly reduces human error—the leading cause of workplace accidents. Moreover, training that incorporates TQM values—such as quality consciousness, team collaboration, and self-auditing—enables employees to view safety not just as an external requirement but as a personal and collective responsibility. The incorporation of simulations, scenario-based learning, and digital training tools further enhances knowledge retention and practical application, especially in high-risk industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and construction. Empirically, the study draws on a mixed-methods approach involving surveys, interviews, and case studies across multiple sectors to assess how organizations implement safety, training, and TQM strategies in practice. The quantitative data reveals a strong positive correlation between the presence of structured safety training programs and lower rates of workplace incidents. Companies that reported high engagement in TQM practices also reported fewer disruptions due to safety-related events. Qualitative insights from managerial interviews further underscore the transformative impact of leadership commitment, cross-departmental collaboration, and continuous learning on safety outcomes. Case studies of leading firms demonstrate that safety and quality are not competing priorities but mutually reinforcing dimensions of operational excellence. One of the most compelling findings is that organizations that successfully integrate safety, training, and TQM tend to experience improvements in multiple performance dimensions—including employee satisfaction, operational efficiency, and reputational value. Employees in such environments feel more secure, supported, and involved, which in turn boosts motivation and productivity. These organizations also report lower absenteeism, fewer compensation claims, and reduced regulatory penalties. Furthermore, by institutionalizing safety as part of their continuous improvement processes, firms enhance their adaptability in the face of external shocks, regulatory changes, or market volatility. The study also addresses challenges associated with implementing an integrated approach. Resistance to change, lack of senior management involvement, insufficient resource allocation, and fragmented communication often hinder the successful adoption of safety and quality management systems. To overcome these barriers, the research advocates for a strategic alignment of safety objectives with organizational goals. This requires embedding safety performance indicators in key performance metrics, involving employees at all levels in safety planning, and leveraging technology to streamline reporting and feedback mechanisms. The role of leadership is pivotal—not only in allocating resources but also in fostering an environment where safety is prioritized, celebrated, and continuously improved. From a theoretical standpoint, this research contributes to the evolving understanding of workplace safety as a strategic function. It bridges the gap between safety management, human resource development, and quality assurance by demonstrating that these domains, when harmonized, produce superior results. The study reinforces systems thinking as an essential lens for managing complex organizational challenges and supports the growing literature advocating for cross-functional integration in modern management practices. It also encourages scholars and practitioners to rethink traditional boundaries between safety compliance and quality management by showing how shared principles and methodologies can lead to better outcomes for both employees and organizations. In conclusion, the research affirms that the integration of safety, training, and Total Quality Management is not just a best practice but a strategic necessity in today’s high-performance work environments. As businesses face increasing scrutiny from regulators, consumers, and stakeholders, those that proactively align their safety practices with quality systems and workforce development will be better positioned to sustain long-term success. The findings offer actionable insights for organizational leaders, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance workplace safety in a holistic and future-ready manner. By elevating safety to the level of strategic discourse, supported by robust training and quality systems, organizations can build cultures of excellence that prioritize both human well-being and organizational performance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Keywords

TQM

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAM ON GERIATRIC CARE SAFETY MEASURES AMONG GERIATRIC POPULATION AT OLD AGE HOME IN DELHI NCR. Abstract Title: A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Geriatric Care Safety Measures Among Geriatric Population at Old Age Home in Delhi NCR Background: Geriatric individuals are more prone to accidents, injuries, and health risks due to physical and cognitive decline. Ensuring their safety, especially in institutional settings like old age homes, is crucial. Educational interventions such as planned teaching programs can improve awareness and promote safe practices among the elderly. Objectives: A) To assess the pre- and post-test knowledge scores regarding geriatric care safety measures. B) To find out the association of post-test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables. C) To find out the correlation between pre- and post-test knowledge scores regarding geriatric care safety measures. Methods: A quantitative research approach with a one-group pre-test post-test design was used. The study was conducted among geriatric residents of selected old age homes in Delhi NCR. A structured questionnaire was administered before and after a planned teaching program. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation to evaluate the objectives. Results: The findings revealed a significant improvement in post-test knowledge scores compared to pre-test scores. A positive correlation was found between pre- and post-test knowledge levels. Certain demographic variables like education and previous knowledge were found to be significantly associated with post-test knowledge. Conclusion: The planned teaching program was effective in enhancing knowledge regarding geriatric care safety measures. Such interventions are essential to promote safety, prevent accidents, and ensure better quality of life among the elderly in old age homes. Keywords: Geriatric care, safety measures, teaching program, elderly, old age home, knowledge score, Delhi NCR.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

Safety management is an essential component of organizational success, especially in environments where risks to employee well-being and operational continuity are high. While traditional safety programs focus on compliance, risk assessments, and incident prevention, many fail to address the human dimension—why people engage in or ignore safety practices, and how personal motivation can influence safety behavior. This thesis explores a novel approach to safety management by integrating two influential Japanese philosophies: IKIGAI, the concept of personal purpose and fulfillment, and Kaizen, the principle of continuous, incremental improvement. Though these philosophies have been widely studied in the contexts of personal development and quality management, respectively, their combined application to safety management represents a unique and underexplored domain. The central argument of this research is that a safety culture rooted in personal purpose and continuous engagement is more sustainable and effective than one driven solely by regulation and control. IKIGAI, which means "reason for being," is deeply personal and emphasizes the intersection of what individuals love, what they are good at, what the world needs, and what they can be paid for. When employees connect their work to a deeper sense of purpose, their motivation to follow safety protocols and protect their colleagues increases significantly. Kaizen, meaning "change for better," reinforces this by providing a practical framework for making small, continuous improvements. Applied to safety management, Kaizen encourages employees at all levels to identify hazards, suggest improvements, and take ownership of safety processes. Together, IKIGAI and Kaizen offer both the emotional drive and the operational tools needed to transform workplace safety from a reactive system into a proactive and participative culture. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research tools to analyze the impact of IKIGAI and Kaizen on safety outcomes. Surveys were conducted to measure employees’ sense of purpose, engagement with safety protocols, and perception of safety culture. In-depth interviews with safety officers, human resource managers, and employees across manufacturing and service industries provided insights into how Kaizen practices influence daily safety behaviors. Additionally, a review of case studies from organizations already using people-centered approaches revealed patterns and success factors that were critical to the development of the final framework. Data from these diverse sources were analyzed thematically and statistically, allowing for the construction of a comprehensive IKIGAI-Kaizen Safety Framework. The findings of this research indicate that when employees feel a strong sense of purpose in their roles, they are more likely to take initiative in ensuring both personal and collective safety. They report higher awareness of risks, greater adherence to safety guidelines, and a willingness to intervene when unsafe behavior is observed. Furthermore, organizations that actively implement Kaizen practices in their safety systems experience more frequent reporting of near-misses, faster resolution of hazards, and stronger communication among teams. The combination of IKIGAI and Kaizen leads to a synergistic effect, in which personal motivation drives behavioral consistency, while continuous improvement mechanisms ensure that safety practices evolve with changing work environments. The resulting IKIGAI-Kaizen Safety Framework is a two-dimensional model that aligns the motivational aspects of IKIGAI with the structural and procedural strengths of Kaizen. At its core is the belief that safety is not merely a set of rules to be followed, but a shared value that thrives when individuals find meaning in their contributions and are empowered to improve their environments. This integrated framework encourages organizations to go beyond policy-making and create workplaces where safety becomes a natural expression of purpose and collaboration. Practical applications of this model include purpose-alignment workshops, team-based safety improvement boards, and leadership practices that prioritize meaning, mentorship, and mindfulness. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the field of safety management by shifting the focus from control to connection, from compliance to consciousness. It bridges philosophical insight and operational strategy, offering a new lens through which workplace safety can be understood and improved. In doing so, it invites organizations to reimagine their safety programs not as burdensome mandates, but as opportunities to cultivate purpose, trust, and excellence. As workplaces evolve and human factors become more central to organizational success, the integration of IKIGAI and Kaizen provides a forward-looking, human-centered strategy for building a sustainable and empowered safety culture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The aim of study was to assess the effectiveness of health awareness programme regarding knowledge on post exposure prophylaxis to blood borne pathogens among students nurses of selected school of nursing, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. A pre-experimental one group pre- test post test design was adopted for this study. 60 GNM 1st year students were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique from Sai school of nursing and SGRR college of nursing at Dehradun. The data were collected by self-structured knowledge questionnaire on post exposure prophylaxis to blood borne pathogens and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with help of SPSS package. The result revealed that the mean pre-test knowledge score of the student nurses were 18.52, mean percentage 51.44% with standard deviation 4.459 whereas the mean post test knowledge score were 24.30, mean percentage 67.5% with standard deviation 4.830. In pre test knowledge majority 68% of the student nurses had average knowledge, 16.7% had good knowledge and 15% of them had poor knowledge regarding post exposure prophylaxis to blood borne pathogens. in post test knowledge. majority 75% of the student nurses had average knowledge, 25% had good knowledge and none had poor knowledge regarding post exposure prophylaxis to blood borne pathogens. The combined ‘t’ test value was significant i.e. 43.636 at p< 0.05 level. Which indicate health awareness programme was effective in improving knowledge of student nurses regarding post exposure prophylaxis to blood borne pathogens. No significant association between pre-test knowledge score of student nurses regarding post exposure prophylaxis to blood borne pathogens with selected demographic variables. Hence, the research hypothesis rejected and null hypothesis accepted. The study was concluded that the health awareness programme was effective in increasing knowledge regarding post exposure prophylaxis to blood borne pathogens among student nurses. It is recommended that well design lecture, seminar and education programme should be conducted on time to time for student nurses. So that they can practice preventive approach.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Keywords

ASSESS - it refers to evaluate and estimate the knowledge of GNM 1st year students on post exposure prophylaxis to blood borne pathogens. EFFECTIVENESS - the extent to which the health awareness program has achieved the desired effect as measured by knowledge score of GNM 1st year students after administered health awareness programme. HEALTH AWARENESS PROGRAMME - health awareness programme refers to planned educational activity regarding post exposure prophylaxis to blood borne pathogens. KNOWLEDGE - it refers to level of understanding GNM 1ST year students regarding post exposure prophylaxis to blood borne pathogens. POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS - post exposure prophylaxis is a medical response to prevent transmission of pathogen after potential exposure to blood borne pathogens. BLOOD BORN PATHOGENS - Blood borne pathogens is pathogenic micro-organism that are carried in blood and cause disease in people. The most common pathogens include hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV. NURSING STUDENTS - In this study, it refers to the students who are studying in the GNM 1St year in selected school of nursing, Dehradun.

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Abstract

Disorders of the brain are one of the most difficult diseases to cure because of their fragility, the difficulty of performing procedures, and the high costs. On the other hand, the surgery itself does not have to be effective because the results are uncertain. Adults who have hypertension, one of the most common brain illnesses, may have different degrees of memory problems and forgetfulness. Depending on each patient's situation. For these reasons, it's crucial to define memory loss, determine the patient's level of decline, and determine his brain MRI scans are used to identify Alzheimer's disease. In this project, we discuss methods and approaches for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease using deep learning. The suggested approach is utilized to enhance patient care, lower expenses, and enable quick and accurate analysis in sizable investigations. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Early detection of the disease can improve patient outcomes, and brain MRI scans have shown promise as a tool for detecting Alzheimer's disease in its early stages. In recent years, deep learning algorithms, such as pre trained model named as VGG16, have been increasingly used in Alzheimer's disease analysis from brain MRI scans. This paper proposes a VGG16-based system for Alzheimer's disease analysis from brain MRI scans. The proposed system involves several steps, including data preprocessing, feature extraction, training the VGG16 model, and evaluating its performance on a test set. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed pre trained model-based system in accurately detecting Alzheimer's disease from brain MRI scans. The proposed system has the potential to improve early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease, leading to improved patient outcomes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Alzheimer's Disease prediction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

capital structure optimisation of firm

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Keywords

finnace , capital, orgnisation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the contemporary digital landscape, the financial sector has increasingly fallen prey to cybercrime and financial fraud, highlighting the necessity for robust legal structures to ensure security and stability. Banking law plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges posed by cyber threats, protecting consumer rights, preserving financial integrity, and ensuring adherence to regulations. This dissertation explores the evolution of banking law in response to cybercrime and financial fraud, examining both national and international legal frameworks governing financial institutions. Cybercrime within the banking industry manifests in various forms, including identity theft, phishing, ransomware attacks, and fraudulent transactions. Conversely, financial fraud encompasses activities such as money laundering, insider trading, and Ponzi schemes, all of which can have dire economic consequences.The rise of digital banking and fintech innovations has further exposed financial systems to sophisticated cyber threats, underscoring the need for legal measures to mitigate risks. A critical aspect of banking law in combating cybercrime is the implementation of stringent cybersecurity regulations. Governments and regulatory bodies across the globe have enacted laws such as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (USA), the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU), and the Cybersecurity Act, mandating financial institutions to adopt robust security protocols. These regulations require banks to implement risk management frameworks, data encryption, multi-factor authentication, and continuous transaction monitoring. Nevertheless, despite these safeguards, cybercriminals persist in developing advanced techniques to circumvent security measures, necessitating ongoing reforms in legal frameworks.Another important focus of banking law is the prevention of fraud and the protection of consumers. Financial regulators such as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) have created anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing (CTF) regulations to monitor suspicious financial activities. Additionally, Know Your Customer The policies regarding Know Your Customer (KYC) and Customer Due Diligence (CDD) have been enhanced to verify client identities and prevent fraudulent activities. However, the enforcement of these measures remains difficult due to the international nature of cybercrime, which necessitates cooperation and information exchange among financial institutions and law enforcement agencies across different countries. This dissertation also explores the challenges of enforcing banking regulations against cybercrime.A primary obstacle is the issue of jurisdiction, as cybercriminals operate across multiple nations, complicating legal enforcement. Additionally, financial institutions often face difficulties in balancing security with user convenience, as overly strict regulations may hinder the adoption of digital banking. The rise of cryptocurrencies and decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms presents another challenge, as traditional banking regulations struggle to effectively govern these new financial models. In response to these issues, banking law is continually evolving, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology for fraud detection and regulatory compliance. AI based fraud detection systems analyze transaction patterns to identify anomalies, while blockchain enhances transparency and traceability in financial transactions. Future banking regulations are expected to focus on real-time monitoring, global regulatory alignment, and improved cybersecurity measures to tackle the ever-evolving landscape of financial crime. In conclusion, banking law plays a vital role in combating the rise of cybercrime and financial fraud by establishing regulatory standards, enforcing compliance, and fostering international collaboration. However, as cyber threats continue to evolve, legal frameworks must adapt to new technologies and financial innovations. This dissertation provides a thorough analysis of the effectiveness of current banking laws, the challenges of enforcement, and potential future developments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Keywords

Cybercrime, Financial Fraud, Banking Law, Regulatory Compliance, Digital Banking Security

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

**Abstract** This report presents a concise overview of the SWIFT payment system, highlighting its operational mechanisms, associated challenges, emerging trends, and key learnings from an internship at IDBI Bank. SWIFT plays a vital role in secure and standardized communication among financial institutions worldwide. The system mandates rigorous assessment and ongoing compliance to ensure institutional reliability and operational integrity. Key message types, such as Letters of Credit and Bank Guarantees, support the facilitation of international trade. Despite its benefits, SWIFT faces issues like high operational costs and transaction delays. Future advancements are expected through blockchain integration and faster payment solutions. The internship experience provided valuable exposure to SWIFT message management, Alliance sessions, and trade finance processes, offering insights into optimizing efficiency, enhancing cybersecurity, and adapting to evolving global financial demands.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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SWIFT payment system , International trade ,Financial messaging , Trade finance , Blockchain integration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

The rapid evolution of social media has made content strategy a critical factor in driving user engagement across diverse platforms. This study investigates the impact of varying content strategies on social media engagement, comparing performance across multiple platforms, including [Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, Telegram, LinkedIn, Google Analytics, X, Instagram]. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the research analyzes quantitative engagement metrics—such as likes, shares, comments, and click-through rates—alongside qualitative insights derived from content type, posting frequency, and audience interaction patterns. Data was collected from active social media accounts and supplemented by website traffic analysis via Google Analytics to assess downstream effects. Preliminary findings suggest that platform-specific content tailoring significantly influences engagement levels, with visual-heavy strategies outperforming text-based approaches on [e.g., Instagram], while concise, conversation-driven posts excel on [e.g., X]. Furthermore, the study reveals that timing and consistency of posts play a pivotal role in sustaining engagement, particularly on algorithm-driven platforms. These insights underscore the importance of flexibility and data-driven decision-making in content creation. This comparative study highlights the necessity of adaptive content strategies to maximize audience interaction and provides actionable insights for digital marketers aiming to optimize cross-platform performance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Marketing, Social Media, Digital Marketing, Social Media Marketing, Digital Media, Google Analytics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

Introduction: Breast milk is the very important thing for a newborn and it is containing all primary nutrients. The first milk bank in Asia under the name of Sneha established by Dr. Armeda Fernandez was started in Dharavi, Mumbai in Sion Hospital on 27th November, 1989. According to Human milk banking guideline 2014 A human milk bank, breast milk bank or lactarium is a service that collects, screens, processes, pasteurizes, and dispenses by prescription milk donated by nursing mothers who are not able to biologically related to the recipient infant. The government of India in 2018 has acknowledged the role that human milk banking can play in reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity, and launched the “National Guidelines on Lactation Management Centres in Public Health Facilities” with a vision to make breast milk universally available for all infants. [13] WHO plans to develop guidelines on donor human milk banking during 2022-2023. Objectives: • To assess the knowledge regarding Breast milk banking among postnatal mothers. • To assess the association between demographic variable and knowledge regarding breast milk banking among postnatal mothers. Methods: A non - experimental design was employed, 200 postnatal mothers with 0–6-month age of baby in community area. The self - structured questionnaire was used data collection. Results: The result was that majority of postnatal mothers who were having 0–6-month age old baby had inadequate knowledge (42.5%), whereas postnatal mothers had moderate knowledge regarding breast milk banking (42.5%) and postnatal mothers had adequate knowledge (15.0%) regarding breast milk banking. Conclusion: In conclusion drawn, implication, limitation, recommendation. The focus of this study was to assess knowledge regarding breast milk banking among postnatal mothers. The findings revealed that knowledge majority of postnatal mothers who were having 0–6-month age old baby had inadequate knowledge (42.5%), whereas postnatal mothers had moderate knowledge regarding breast milk banking (42.5%) and postnatal mothers had adequate knowledge (15.0%) regarding breast milk banking. Keywords

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Human milk, Human milk bank, Knowledge, Assess, Postnatal mothers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

During the last 10 years there has been increase awareness that the clinical expression on polycystic ovarian syndrome may be broader than define by previous consensus workshop. At the year – 2024 American college of obstetricians and gynecologists annual clinical and scientific meeting highlighted significant gap in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) care, revealing wide spread patients’ dissatisfaction and the urgent need for improve provider education and comprehensive treatment approaches. The purpose of this study is to explore the relation between genetic and environmental factors that may explain PCOS. We will use information collective during visits to our polycystic ovarian syndrome clinic and the family history of PCOS patient to learn about the causes and the effects of PCOS.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Syndrome, hypothesis,gynaecologists,obstetricians,comprehensive,PCOS

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition