THE SPECTRUM OF OCULAR CHANGES IN DIABETES: INSIGHTS FROM A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Manasvini Kapadia , Shubhangi P. Nigwekar , Surabhi Juikar

Diabetes mellitus; Ocular manifestations; Anterior segment; Posterior segment; Diabetic retinopathy; Cataract; Dry eye disease; Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; Duration of diabetes; Ophthalmic screening

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its ocular complications are a major public health problem and a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy has been extensively studied, anterior segment and ocular surface manifestations remain under-recognized. This study aimed to evaluate the spectrum of ocular changes associated with DM in both anterior and posterior segments with demographic and disease-related factors. Methods: A hospital-based, observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 diabetic patients aged >18 years attending a tertiary care ophthalmology department over one year. All participants underwent comprehensive ocular evaluation including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, and fundus examination. Diabetic retinopathy was graded according to the ETDRS classification. Associations with age, gender, type and duration of diabetes were studied. Results: Of the 50 patients, 60% were males and 40% were females. Cataract was the most common anterior segment manifestation, observed in 66% of patients, followed by poor pupillary response to mydriatics were noted in 24%, conjunctivitis 18% and dry eye disease 12%. Diabetic retinopathy was the most prevalent posterior segment finding, predominantly in the non-proliferative form, with very mild NPDR being the most frequent grade 28%. The prevalence of retinopathy showed a strong positive correlation with duration of diabetes, increasing from approximately 55% in patients with ≤5 years of disease to 100% in those with >20 years duration. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus produces a broad spectrum of ocular morbidity involving both anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Cataract and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy remain the most frequent manifestations. Longer duration of diabetes emerged as the strongest predictor for retinopathy. These findings highlight the importance of structured and periodic ophthalmic screening, particularly in elderly patients and those with long-standing diabetes, for early detection and prevention of vision-threatening complications.

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"THE SPECTRUM OF OCULAR CHANGES IN DIABETES: INSIGHTS FROM A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE", IJSDR - International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (www.IJSDR.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.11, Issue 1, page no.b131-b137, January-2026, Available :https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2601114.pdf

Volume 11 Issue 1, January-2026

Pages : b131-b137

Paper Reg. ID: IJSDR_306902

Published Paper Id: IJSDR2601114

Downloads: 000237

Research Area: Health Science All

Country: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2601114

Published Paper URL: https://ijsdr.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJSDR2601114

ISSN: 2455-2631 | IMPACT FACTOR: 9.15 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 9.15 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

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