A Counterfactual AI Framework for Human-Centric Quality Control in Industry 5.0

Harsha Vardhan N , Chetan Bhagwat , Kavya G Bagali , Pavitra , Sridhar R

Industry 5.0, Quality Control, Explainable AI (XAI), Counterfactual Explanations, Human-inthe-Loop, Smart Manufacturing.

In Industry 5.0, the primary objective is not to replace human operators but to collaborate with them. However, current Artificial Intelligence (AI) quality control systems often function as “black boxes”—they reject products without explanation, or they provide vague heatmaps that indicate where a defect is located without explaining why it impacts quality. This paper proposes a novel Counterfactual Explanation Framework for manufacturing. Instead of merely highlighting a defect, our system generates a synthetic “corrected” image of the defective part, demonstrating to the operator exactly what the product should have looked like to pass inspection. This “What-If” analysis, combined with an Active Learning feedback loop, establishes a transparent, resilient, and human-centric quality control process. We demonstrate that this approach improves operator trust by 40% compared to traditional methods.

Published Paper   E-Certificate

"A Counterfactual AI Framework for Human-Centric Quality Control in Industry 5.0", IJSDR - International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (www.IJSDR.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.11, Issue 1, page no.a85-a90, January-2026, Available :https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2601009.pdf

Volume 11 Issue 1, January-2026

Pages : a85-a90

Paper Reg. ID: IJSDR_306732

Published Paper Id: IJSDR2601009

Downloads: 000259

Research Area: Science and Technology

Country: Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2601009

Published Paper URL: https://ijsdr.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJSDR2601009

ISSN: 2455-2631 | IMPACT FACTOR: 9.15 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 9.15 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJSDR(IJ Publication) Janvi Wave

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License and The Open Definition