Patent Reform and Public Health: India's TRIPS Journey in Pharmaceutical Law

Deepak Paliwal , Puttanna K

TRIPS Agreement, Indian Patent Act 2005, Generic Drug Industry, Pharmaceutical Innovation

This article critically examines the transformative impact of the WTO’s Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement on India’s pharmaceutical sector, tracing its evolution from a process-patent-driven generics powerhouse to a globally integrated innovation hub. It contrasts the pre-TRIPS era—marked by the 1970 Patent Act, reverse engineering, and affordable drug access—with the post-2005 landscape shaped by product patentability, Section 3(d) anti-evergreening safeguards, and compulsory licensing provisions. Through legislative analysis and case studies of Zydus Cadila and Biocon, the paper explores how Indian firms adapted via biosimilars, novel drug delivery systems, and strategic global alliances. It also assesses the resurgence of multinational corporations, the rise of Global Capability Centres (GCCs), and India’s expanding role in global value chains. The study concludes that India’s TRIPS-compliant regime, while challenging, has successfully balanced innovation incentives with public health imperatives, offering a replicable model for developing countries navigating intellectual property reforms.

Published Paper   E-Certificate

"Patent Reform and Public Health: India's TRIPS Journey in Pharmaceutical Law", IJSDR - International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (www.IJSDR.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.10, Issue 10, page no.a361-a370, October-2025, Available :https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2510049.pdf

Volume 10 Issue 10, October-2025

Pages : a361-a370

Paper Reg. ID: IJSDR_305219

Published Paper Id: IJSDR2510049

Downloads: 000373

Research Area: Pharmacy All

Country: Mangalore, Karnataka , India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2510049

Published Paper URL: https://ijsdr.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJSDR2510049

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56975/ijsdr.v10i10.305219

ISSN: 2455-2631 | IMPACT FACTOR: 9.15 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 9.15 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJSDR(IJ Publication) Janvi Wave

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License and The Open Definition