Spirooxindole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: A Comprehensive Review on Synthetic Strategies (2019–2025)

Priya A , Dr. Shachindra L Nargund , Mahesh Kumar N , Prajwal S A

Spirooxindole derivatives; Heterocyclic compounds; Medicinal Chemistry; Pharmacophores; Anticancer drugs; Therapeutic design.

Spirooxindole derivatives have emerged as a vital class of heterocyclic compounds with significant relevance in modern medicinal chemistry, particularly in the discovery of anticancer drugs. The spirooxindole core, defined by a unique spiro-fusion at the C-3 position of the oxindole nucleus, first gained attention through natural products such as spirotryprostatins, horsfiline, and rhynchophylline, which exhibited potent bioactivity. Their rigid, three-dimensional architecture offers improved metabolic stability and target selectivity, making them valuable in therapeutic design. This review summarizes recent synthetic advancements (2019–2025) in regio- and stereoselective approaches, including green, metal-free, and enantioselective methods. It highlights strategies for scaffold diversification through the incorporation of pharmacophores and heterocyclic motifs, contributing to the development of bioactive hybrids targeting cancer-related proteins such as MDM2, tubulin, CDKs, and EGFR. By integrating foundational chemistry with modern innovations, this review provides a concise reference for researchers in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.

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"Spirooxindole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: A Comprehensive Review on Synthetic Strategies (2019–2025)", IJSDR - International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (www.IJSDR.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.10, Issue 7, page no.b277-b286, July-2025, Available :https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2507133.pdf

Volume 10 Issue 7, July-2025

Pages : b277-b286

Paper Reg. ID: IJSDR_304194

Published Paper Id: IJSDR2507133

Downloads: 000266

Research Area: Pharmacy All

Country: Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2507133

Published Paper URL: https://ijsdr.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJSDR2507133

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56975/ijsdr.v10i7.304194

ISSN: 2455-2631 | IMPACT FACTOR: 9.15 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 9.15 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJSDR(IJ Publication) Janvi Wave

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License and The Open Definition