The Mechanism and Current State of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pharmacological Therapy: A Review

Abarnadevika. A , Nithyasree S , Dr.Ariharasivakumar.G , Malathi S , Vignesh M

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), insulin resistance, obesity, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), antioxidant.

This review comprehensively explores the factors influencing the development, progression, and complications of liver steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation, encompasses nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The rising global prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance has made these conditions leading causes of chronic liver disease. NASH can evolve into fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, posing significant health risks. The pathophysiology of NAFLD is complex, involving a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The traditional "two hits" model has been replaced by "multiple-parallel hits" model, emphasizing the interplay of genetic predisposition, obesity, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota changes. The role of immune cells, particularly macrophages, NASH development is discussed, highlighting potential therapeutic targets. Drug-induced NAFLD is examined, focusing on mechanisms leading to steatosis and liver damage. Several drugs, including amiodarone, tamoxifen, and valproate, disrupt mitochondrial function and induce lipogenesis, contributing to drug-induced fatty liver. Pharmacological therapies for NAFLD, targeting insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity, are reviewed. Insulin sensitizers such as thiazolidinediones and metformin, antioxidants like vitamin E and pentoxifylline, and drugs that decrease cholesterol are discussed. Additionally, agents activating nuclear transcription factors (e.g.FXR agonists and PPAR agonists) and cytokine modulation are explored as potential treatments. In conclusion, the review underscores the multifaceted nature of NAFLD and provides insights into current and emerging pharmacological therapies. Despite the challenges, ongoing research offers hope for effective treatments in the future, emphasizing need for a comprehensive approach considering individual patient profiles and disease stages.

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"The Mechanism and Current State of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pharmacological Therapy: A Review ", IJSDR - International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (www.IJSDR.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.9, Issue 3, page no.680 - 690, March-2024, Available :https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2403099.pdf

Volume 9 Issue 3, March-2024

Pages : 680 - 690

Paper Reg. ID: IJSDR_210511

Published Paper Id: IJSDR2403099

Downloads: 000347084

Research Area: Pharmacy

Country: Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2403099

Published Paper URL: https://ijsdr.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJSDR2403099

ISSN: 2455-2631 | IMPACT FACTOR: 9.15 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 9.15 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJSDR(IJ Publication) Janvi Wave

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License and The Open Definition