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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal ISSN Approved Journal No: 2455-2631 | Impact factor: 8.15 | ESTD Year: 2016 open access , Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 8.15 |
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| Paper Title: | Drug resistance of Trichomoniasis: A Review |
| Authors Name: | Ashwini Bagul , Vidya Pradhan |
| Unique Id: | IJSDR2111018 |
| Published In: | Volume 6 Issue 11, November-2021 |
| Abstract: | Trichomoniasis is the most common, sexually transmitted infection. It is caused by the flagellated protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include vaginitis and infections have been associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight and increased infant mortality, as well as predisposing to HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer. Trichomoniasis has the highest prevalence and incidence of any sexually transmitted infection. The 5-nitroimidazole drugs, of which metronidazole is the most prescribed, are the only approved, effective drugs to treat trichomoniasis. Resistance against metronidazole is frequently reported and cross-resistance among the family of 5-nitroimidazole drugs is common, leaving no alternative for treatment, with some cases remaining unresolved. The mechanism of metronidazole resistance in T. vaginalis from treatment failures is not well understood, unlike resistance which is developed in the laboratory under increasing metronidazole pressure. In the latter situation, hydrogenosomal function which is involved in activation of the prodrug, metronidazole, is down-regulated. Reversion to sensitivity is incomplete after removal of drug pressure in the highly resistant parasites while clinically resistant strains, so far analysed, maintain their resistance levels in the absence of drug pressure. Although anaerobic resistance has been regarded as a laboratory induced phenomenon, it clearly has been demonstrated in clinical isolates. Pursuit of both approaches will allow dissection of the underlying mechanisms. Many alternative drugs and treatments have been tested in vivo in cases of refractory trichomoniasis, as well as in vitro with some successes including the broad spectrum anti-parasitic drug nitazoxanide. Drug resistance incidence in T. vaginalis appears to be on the increase and improved surveillance of treatment failures is urged. |
| Keywords: | Metronidazole, Trichomoniasis, Ferredoxin, Hydrogenase, Drug Resistance. |
| Cite Article: | "Drug resistance of Trichomoniasis: A Review", International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research (www.ijsdr.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.6, Issue 11, page no.83 - 86, November-2021, Available :http://www.ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2111018.pdf |
| Downloads: | 000337212 |
| Publication Details: | Published Paper ID: IJSDR2111018 Registration ID:193717 Published In: Volume 6 Issue 11, November-2021 DOI (Digital Object Identifier): Page No: 83 - 86 Publisher: IJSDR | www.ijsdr.org ISSN Number: 2455-2631 |
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